Global technology heavyweights, such as Amazon, Google, and Microsoft, are actively expanding their presence in Saudi Arabia in response to the government’s intention to withhold contracts from companies lacking regional headquarters within the country.

The move is part of a greater economic agenda that involves curbing the substantial amount of state and citizen spending that exits the country annually. As part of that plan, the government seeks to cease awarding contracts to international firms that merely shuttle executives in and out of the Kingdom.

Saudi Arabia introduced the new regulations in February 2021, citing a desire to minimize “economic leakage”. As per government records, all three of the US corporations mentioned above have now obtained licenses to establish regional headquarters in Riyadh in adherence to the January 1st deadline.

Towards the end of 2023, there was a noticeable surge in activity among large corporations aiming to establish local headquarters. Notable among the firms that have already received licenses are Airbus, Oracle, and Pfizer.

In further efforts to bolster the economy and attract international investments, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman has also eased restrictions on gender mixing, women driving, and public entertainment. Nevertheless, limited lifestyle options and policies such as the continued alcohol ban have deterred many foreign executives from residing in the country.

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However, Saudi Arabia’s status as the largest economy in the region, along with plans to invest trillions of dollars to become a tourism and commercial hub, has prompted numerous multinational corporations to reevaluate their Middle East operations.

Recent Saudi economic policies are widely seen as an attempt to compete with Dubai, the Middle East’s foremost business hub, which has long attracted multinational firms due to its lifestyle, low taxation, and connectivity. So far, more than 200 firms have already received headquarters licenses, including Bechtel, PwC, and PepsiCo, all of whom have announced Riyadh as their regional headquarters.